GNI submission to UN consultation warns digital tools increase risks for human rights defenders

The Global Network Initiative (GNI) has submitted a contribution to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) as part of a consultation on protecting human rights defenders in the digital age. The input will inform the Secretary-General’s report on the status of the UN human rights system.

The submission examines how digital technologies are affecting the work and safety of human rights defenders (HRDs), who increasingly rely on online tools for communication, documentation and advocacy.

It highlights growing concerns around online safety and cybercrime regulations, which often introduce measures such as age and identity verification, content monitoring and, in some cases, proposals for client-side scanning. According to GNI, these approaches can weaken privacy protections and expose defenders to surveillance or retaliation.

The document also points to the impact of internet shutdowns and platform restrictions, which can limit HRDs’ ability to communicate, document abuses and access support networks, particularly during periods of political instability or conflict.

Artificial intelligence is identified as a key emerging factor. While AI can support human rights work, it also enables large-scale data aggregation, identity tracing and the spread of manipulated content, increasing risks for activists operating under anonymity.

The submission further notes that fragmented global regulation and uneven corporate practices can leave HRDs insufficiently protected, especially in regions with weaker safeguards.