South Korea’s fake news law raises concerns over press freedom
A new fake news law adopted by South Korea’s National Assembly has triggered criticism from journalists, unions, and academics, who warn that the legislation could increase censorship pressures and undermine independent reporting rather than restore trust in the media.
South Korea is facing growing criticism following the adoption of amendments to the Information and Communications Network Act aimed at combating so-called fake news. The revised law prohibits the circulation of false or fabricated information online and introduces the possibility of punitive damages of up to five times the losses incurred when disinformation is intentionally spread for unjust profit.
Media unions, journalists, and academic experts argue that the legislation risks weakening press freedom by creating uncertainty over how “fake news” is defined and who ultimately determines what qualifies as false information. Critics warn that this ambiguity could shift decision-making power away from courts and toward regulators or digital platforms, increasing the likelihood of content removal and prior restraint.
Concerns have also been raised about the chilling effect the law may have on journalism. The threat of substantial financial penalties could encourage self-censorship, particularly in investigative reporting on powerful political or economic actors. Observers note that South Korea lacks robust safeguards against strategic lawsuits designed to silence media outlets, heightening fears that the law could be used as a tool of legal intimidation.
The debate has reopened broader questions about trust in South Korea’s media ecosystem. While supporters of the law argue that it addresses harmful disinformation, critics contend that punitive measures alone do not resolve deeper structural issues in reporting practices and media accountability. Instead, they suggest that long-term reforms focused on journalistic standards and public trust may be more effective than expanded legal sanctions.
