New ICRC–Geneva Academy report examines civilian involvement in wartime cyber activities
A new joint study by the ICRC and the Geneva Academy warns that rising civilian involvement in cyber operations is challenging long-standing protections in armed conflict. The report examines how international humanitarian law applies when civilians engage in hacking or other digital activities, outlines risks to civilian infrastructure, and calls on governments and technology companies to clarify responsibilities and minimise harm as cyber operations become increasingly intertwined with modern warfare.
